Mount Semeru or Sumeru is the highest volcano in Java, with Mahameru peak, 3676 meters above sea level (masl). The crater at the summit of Mount Semeru known Jonggring Saloko.
Semeru has Dipterokarp forest hill, forest Dipterokarp Upper Montane forest, and forest or mountain forest Ericaceous.
The position is situated between the mountain region and Lumajang Malang regency administration, with its geographical position between 8 ° 06 'latitude and 120 ° 55' East Longitude.
In 1913 and 1946 Crater Jonggring Saloka has a dome with a height of 3744.8 M until the end of November 1973. To the south, the dome is breaking edge of the crater caused lava flow leads to the south and covers an area Pronojiwo Candipuro in Lumajang.
Trip
It takes about four days to climb the peak of Mount Semeru round-trip. For mountain climbing semeru can be reached via Malang city or Lumajang. From the city terminal unfortunate we ride public transportation to the village Tumpang. Connected again with a jeep or truck vegetables are widely available in the market behind Overlapping terminal at a cost per person Rp.20.000, - until the Postal Ranu Pani.
Previously we stopped at Gubugklakah to obtain a permit, with the details, Rp.6.000 license fee, - for 10 people, park entrance tickets Rp.2.000, - per person, per person Rp.2.000 Insurance, -
Using a vegetable truck or jeep journey starts from Overlapping towards Ranu Pani, the last village at the foot of semeru. Here there are checkpoints, there are also stalls and cottages. For climbers who bring tents are charged Rp 20,000, -/tenda and when carrying the camera also charged Rp 5,000, -/buah. In this post we also can find porters (local residents to help indicate the direction climbing, lifting and cooking). Climbers can also spend the night at the guard post. In Pos Ranu Pani also there are two lakes namely Lake Ranu Pani (1 ha) and Ranu Regulo lake (0.75 ha). Located at an altitude of 2200 masl.
After arriving at the gate "welcome", note continues to the left towards the hills, do not follow the broad road toward the garden. In addition to the usual channels through which the climber, there is also a shortcut commonly used by local climbers, this path is very steep.
Initial pathway ramps, down a hillside dominated by reed plants. There are no signs pointing toward the street, but there are signs on every 100m distance measure. There are many fallen trees and branches above the head.
After walking about 5 km down a hillside overgrown Edelweis, and will arrive at Watu Rejeng. Here there is a very beautiful craggy rocks. Very beautiful scenery to the valley and hills, overgrown with fir and pine forests. Sometimes smoke can be seen from the top of semeru. To reach Ranu Kumbolo still have to cover a distance of about 4.5 Km.
Ranu Kumbolo
Ranu Kumbolo can set up a tent. There is also a hikers hut (shelter). There is a lake with water that is clean and has a beautiful view, especially in the morning to watch the sunrise on the sidelines of the hill. There are many fish, sometimes wild grouse. Ranu Kumbolo located at an altitude of 2,400 m with an area of 14 ha.
From Ranu Kumbolo should prepare as much water as possible. Leaving Ranu Kumbolo then climb a steep hill, with beautiful views over the lake behind. In front of the hill lies a vast prairie called the oro-oro Ombo. Oro-oro Ombo surrounded by hills and mountains with beautiful views, wide meadows with pine-covered slopes as in Europe. From behind Mt. Kepolo looked summit Mt. Semeru wedus trash spewing smoke.
Further into Fir forest where birds and deer sometimes encountered. This area is called Cemoro Cage.
Post Kalimati located at an altitude of 2,700 m, here to set up a tent to rest. This post is in the form of broad meadow at the edge of pine forest, so a lot of available twigs to build a fire.
There is a spring water source Mani, to the west (right) edge of the forest track Kalimati with a distance of 1 hour commute. In Arcopodo Kalimati and there are many mountain rat.
To go Arcopodo turn left (East) runs approximately 500 meters, then turn right (south) slightly down Kalimati pasture. Arcopodo within 1 hour of Kalimati through a very steep pine forest, with the land prone to landslides and dusty. We can also camp in Arcopodo, but less stable soil conditions and frequent landslides. We recommend using goggles and masks as much fly ash. Arcopodo located at an altitude of 2.900m, Arcopodo is the last area of vegetation on Mount Semeru, the rest will pass through the sand dunes.
Arcopodo to the summit of Semeru takes 3-4 hours, through the dunes are very steep and easily degenerate. As a travel guide, at this point there are some small red triangular flag. All luggage should stay Arcopodo or Kalimati. The climb to the summit made early in the morning at around 2:00 am from Arcopodo.
During the day the wind cendurung north toward the peak carrying poisonous gas from the crater Jonggring Saloka.
The climb should be done during the dry season is June, July, August, and September. Should not climb in the rainy season because of frequent storms and landslides.
Poison gas
Mahameru peak
At the peak of Mount Semeru (Peak Mahameru) climbers are advised not to the crater Jonggring Saloko, also banned climbing from the south, because of the poisonous gas and lava flows. Mahameru dipuncak temperature range 4-10 degrees Celsius, at the peak of the dry season minus 0 degrees Celsius, and found ice crystals. The weather is often foggy, especially in the afternoon, evening and night. The wind was blowing hard, in December-January is often a storm.
Wedus trash eruptions every 15-30 minutes at peak of Mount Semeru is still active. In November 1997 Gn.Semeru erupt 2990 times as much. During the day the wind direction to the summit, to avoid it coming during the day at the top, because of toxic gases and the eruption leads to the summit.
The eruption in the form of white smoke, gray to black with a height of 300-800 meters explosion. The material that comes out in every form of the eruption of ash, sand, gravel, stones and even hot coals are very dangerous if the climber too close. In early 1994 hot lava running down the southern slope Gn.Semeru and ask some fatalities, hot river views meandering towards the sea to be a very interesting spectacle.
Climate
In general, the climate in the region of Mount Semeru including climate type B (Schmidt and Ferguson) with rainfall of 927 mm - 5498 mm per year with the number of rainy days 136 days / year and the rains fell in November to April. Semeru dipuncak Temperatures ranged between 0-4 degrees celsius.
The average temperature ranges from 3 ° C - 8 ° C at night and early morning, whereas during the day ranged between 15 ° C - 21 ° c. Sometimes it happens in some areas little snowfall occurs during the rainy season changes to summer or vice versa. Cold temperatures along the route is not solely caused by the still air but supported by the winds that blow to this area causes air gets colder.
National park
The mountain is in the area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The park consists of mountains and valley area of 50273.3 hectares. There are several mountains inside the caldera Gn.Tengger among others; Gn.Bromo (2.392m) Gn. Batok (2.470m) Gn.Kursi (2.581 m) Gn.Watangan (2.662m) Gn.Widodaren (2.650m). There are four lakes (Ranu): Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Kumbolo, Ranu Darungan.
Flora located in the County of Mount Semeru but many diverse types dominated by spruce, acacia, pine, and kind Jamuju. As for the undergrowth dominated by Kirinyuh, reeds, tembelekan, Edelwiss harendong and white, there is lots Edelwiss slopes to the summit of Semeru. And also found some endemic orchid species living around the South Semeru.
Many fauna that inhabit the mountain Sumeru, among others: Tiger Beetle, monkey, mongoose, deer, mouse deer, etc.. While there Kumbolo Ranu surviving wild grouse.
First ascent
The first person to climb this mountain is Clignet (1838) a Dutch geologist from the southwest through Widodaren, then Junhuhn (1945) a Dutch botanist from the north through the mountain-Ayek Ayet, mountaineering and mountain Inder Inder-Kepolo. In 1911 Van Gogh and Heim through northern slopes and after 1945 are generally carried out through the north slope climbing through Ranupane and Ranu Kumbolo today.
Legend of Mount Semeru
According to Javanese belief written in the book of ancient Tantu performances from the 15th century, the island of Java at some time floating in the ocean, the waves played here and there. The gods decided to tack Java and how to move Mount Meru in India to the island of Java.
According to Balinese Mountain Mahameru believed to be the father of Mount Agung in Bali and respected by the people of Bali. Ceremonial offerings to the gods of Mount Mahameru performed by the Balinese. However ceremony conducted only once every 8-12 years only when people accept the magical voice of the gods of Mount Mahameru. Besides the ceremony Balinese offerings that often come to the area to get Tirta Widodaren Cave shrine.
Activity
June 12, 2006, the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG) Maritim Tanjung Perak Surabaya, volcanic earthquakes recorded by the force 1.8 on the Richter Scale (SR) due to the activity of Mount Semeru (3676 masl).
0 comments:
Post a Comment